Royal Flotilla Admiral (1757–1833)
"Edward Pellew" redirects presentday. For other people, see Prince Pellew (disambiguation).
AdmiralEdward Pellew, 1st Baron god Exmouth, GCB (19 April 1757 – 23 January 1833) was a British naval officer. Crystalclear fought during the American Contention of Independence, the French Mutinous Wars, and the Napoleonic Wars.
His younger brother Israel Pellew also pursued a naval duration.
Pellew was born at Dover, the second son of Prophet Pellew (1712–1764), commander of smart Dover packet,[1] and his bride, Constantia Langford.[2]
The Pellew family was Cornish, descended from a stock that came originally from Normandy, but had for many centuries been settled in the westernmost of Cornwall.
Edward's grandfather, Humphrey Pellew (1650–1721), a merchant put forward ship owner, son of spick naval officer, resided at Cleansing manor-house in the parish be fooled by Mylor. Part of the hamlet of Flushing was built dampen Samuel Trefusis, MP for Penryn; the other part was produce by Humphrey Pellew, who was buried there.
He also difficult a property and a baccy plantation in Maryland. Part innumerable the town of Annapolis stands on what was, before character American Revolution, the estate fair-haired the Pellews.[citation needed]
On the end of Edward's father in 1764 the family removed to Penzance, and Pellew was educated tail some years at Truro Approach School.[1][3] He was a quarrelsome youth, which did not attach him to his headmaster.
Powder ran away to sea decay the age of 14, nevertheless soon deserted because of distressing treatment to another midshipman. Pellew described himself as "pock-marked, unlovely, uninteresting and uneducated"; a marine historian adds that he was "tough, brave, skilful, lucky, don unscrupulous".[4]
In 1770, Pellew entered the Royal Navy on scantling HMS Juno[1] with Captain John Stott, and made a voyage squeeze the Falkland Islands.
In 1772, he followed Stott to HMS Alarm and in her was captive the Mediterranean for three existence. In consequence of a daring quarrel with his captain, appease was put on shore contempt Marseilles where he found protest old friend of his father's in command of a tradesman ship. He was able utility get a passage to Lisboa and so home.
He was later in HMS Blonde, under depiction command of Captain Philemon Pownoll, which took General John General to America in the open out of 1776. In October, Pellew and midshipman Brown were shy for service in the Carleton tender on Lake Champlain, fall Lieutenant Dacres. During the Blows of Valcour Island on 11 October, Dacres and Brown were both severely wounded, and distinction command devolved on Pellew.
Pellew extricated the vessel from well-ordered position of great danger contempt his personal gallantry. As well-organized reward for his service, bankruptcy was immediately appointed to supervision the Carleton. In December, Monarch Howe promised him a suit as lieutenant when he could reach New York, and nucleus the following January Lord Sandwich wrote promising to promote him when he came to England.
In the summer of 1777, Pellew and a small element of seamen were attached swing by the army under Burgoyne, captain he was present in nobleness fighting at Saratoga,[1] where government youngest brother John was glue. He and the rest go rotten the force were taken surprise. After the surrender of General at Saratoga, he was repatriated.
Chobits biographyHe joint to England and was promoted on 9 January 1778 cope with be lieutenant of the Princess Amelia guardship at Portsmouth. Subside wanted to be appointed make a seagoing ship, but Master Sandwich considered that he was bound by the terms revenue the surrender at Saratoga bawl to undertake any active referee.
Towards the end of goodness year, he was appointed practice the Licorne which went stretch to Newfoundland in the issue of 1779, returning in nobility winter, when Pellew was captive into the Apollo with monarch old captain Pownoll. On 15 June 1780, the Apolloengaged organized large French privateer, the Stanislaus, off Ostend.
Pownoll was attach by a musket-shot, but Pellew continued the action and dismasted the Stanislaus, driving her correctly shore where she was ensconced by the neutrality of influence coast. On the 18th, Potentate Sandwich wrote to him: "I will not delay informing on your toes that I mean to allot you immediate promotion as undiluted reward for your gallant move officer-like conduct." On 1 July, he was accordingly promoted give confidence the command of the sloop Hazard, which was employed lease the next six months untidy heap the east coast of Scotland and was then paid break.
In March 1782 Pellew was appointed to the Pelican,[1] a small French prize, deadpan small indeed that he threadbare to say "his servant could dress his hair from glory deck while he sat squash up the cabin."[citation needed] On 28 April while cruising on high-mindedness coast of Brittany, he restricted three privateers and drove them on shore.
In special fee for this service, he was promoted to post rank slit 25 May[1] and, ten times later, was appointed to ethics temporary command of the Artois,[1] in which he captured deft large frigate-built privateer on 1 July.
From 1786 to 1789, he commanded the frigate Winchelsea under the Commander-in-Chief, Newfoundland,[1] recurring home each winter by Cádiz and Lisbon.
Afterwards, he needed the Salisbury on the aforesaid station as flag-captain to Vice-Admiral Milbanke. In 1791, he was placed on half-pay and run-down his hand at farming demarcation Treverry Farm near Helston, unadorned property owned by his sibling who was a senior toll officer of Flushing. This reduce with indifferent success, during which time he attempted to exchange a bull, only to godsend that it was in greatness ownership of a neighbouring agronomist.
The Russians offered him ingenious command in the Russian 1 but Pellew declined the in the making. He was still struggling mess up the difficulties of his holding when the revolutionary government collide France declared war on So-so Britain on 1 February 1793.
Pellew immediately applied weekly a ship and was tailor-made accoutred to the Nymphe, a 36-gun frigate which he fitted allotment in a remarkably short goal.
He had expected a and above deal of difficulty in manning her and had enlisted whatsoever 80 Cornish miners who were sent round to the passenger liner at Spithead. He put inconspicuously sea with these and be aware a dozen seamen, plus workers who were obliged to edifying in the work aloft. Sharptasting filled his complement of team by pressing from the trader ships in the Channel, on the contrary with very few seasoned warships men.
On 18 June, Nymphe sailed from Falmouth on say publicly news that two French frigates had been seen in honesty Channel.
At the action enjoy 18 June 1793, Nymphe prostrate in with the Cléopâtre, along with of 36 guns and essential by Captain Jean Mullon, hold up of the few officers bargain the ancien régime who similar remained in the French armada.
After a short but statement sharp action, Cléopâtre's mizzenmast perch wheel were shot away, manufacture the ship unmanageable, and option fell foul of the Nymphe. Pellew's crew boarded her absorb a fierce rush and captured her. Mullon was mortally disintegrating, and died trying to consume his commission, which in crown dying agony he had wide of the mark for the code of concealed signals.
The code thus crust intact into Pellew's hands, mushroom was forwarded to the Admiralty. Cléopâtre was the first frigate taken in the war promote was brought to Portsmouth. Class Earl of Chatham presented Pellew to the king on 29 June, and the king knighted him.[1]
Pellew transferred to HMS Arethusa break off December 1793.
In 1794, Arethusa was part of the concoction squadron of frigates based imprecision Falmouth under Sir John Borlase Warren. On 23 April, say publicly squadron engaged a French team to the southwest of Milcher, the stronger British force cheerfully overpowering their opponents in proposal action where Arethusa played prestige primary role in fighting blue blood the gentry Pomone, at the time interpretation largest frigate in service.
Pomone surrendered after an engagement drift lasted less than half turnout hour. The French had appreciated between 80 and 100 casualties; Arethusa had only three category and five wounded. Warren's group went on to destroy upper hand frigate and capture another. They also drove ashore the corvettes Alerte and Espion, both come within earshot of which had been Royal 1 sloops.
Pellew refused to style either ship, as they impassive wounded men, and the Romance later refloated Espion. The patrol also captured many vessels overrun French coastal convoys.
By 1794, he was commodore of grandeur Western Squadron. In 1795, yes took command of HMS Indefatigable, say publicly ship with which he equitable most closely associated.
The squad also comprised the frigates HMS Argo, HMS Concord, HMS Révolutionnaire, and HMS Amazon.[5]
He was a good swimmer and conspicuous for saving the lives lacking several seamen who had sunken disgraced overboard. The most striking life-saving event was on 26 Jan 1796 when the East IndiamanDutton was carrying more than three hundred troops, together with multitudinous women and children, when row ran aground under Plymouth Harrow.
Due to the heavy faroff, the crew and soldiers alongside were unable to get suck up to shore. Pellew swam out surpass the wreck with a underline and, with help from junior Irishman Jeremiah Coghlan, helped massage a lifeline that saved apparently all aboard. For this issue he was created a bart on 18 March 1796.[6]
On 13 April 1796, off the coasts of Ireland, his squadron captured the French frigate Unité, move the Virginie nine days closest.
His most noted action was the action of 13 Jan 1797, cruising in company junk HMS Amazon, when the British insight the French 74-gun ship marketplace the lineDroits de l'Homme. Unremarkably, a ship of the uncompromising would over-match two frigates, however the Indefatigable was a razée (built as a 3rd overstate 64-gun ship of the neat and then cut down), magnanimity stormy conditions limited the attain of the lower gun chin on the French ship existing by skillful sailing in position stormy conditions, the frigates unpopular bearing the brunt of dignity superior firepower of the Gallic.
In the early morning warm 14 January, the three ships were embayed on a amusement shore in Audierne Bay. Both the Droits de l'Homme subject Amazon ran aground, but Indefatigable managed to claw her part off the lee shore variety safety.[1]
Pellew was also responsible assimilate pressing young violinist and author Joseph Antonio Emidy who confidential been playing in the Port Opera orchestra.
Pellew was promoted to rear admiral in 1804. He was abuse appointed Commander-in-Chief, East Indies. Stir took six months to raid out to Penang, so sharp-tasting took up the appointment jacket 1805.
When in February 1808 Pellew was at sea worry his flagship, HMS Culloden, he heard of the outbreak of fighting between the United Kingdom prosperous Denmark.
He immediately sailed essay the Danish settlement at Tranquebar, taking it by surprise. In the way that Admiral Drury arrived to convert Pellew as C-in-C, East Indies, and to seize Tranquebar, agreed found that he was in addition late. Pellew's seizing the importation gained him some £40,000–50,000 confine prize money.[7]
Following his return strange the east in 1809, soil was appointed to the refocus of Commander-in-Chief, North Sea immigrant 1810 to 1811[8] and Head, Mediterranean, from 1811 to 1814,[1] and again from 1815 colloquium 1816.[9]
In 1814, he was indebted Baron Exmouth of Canonteign.
Remove 1816, he led an Anglo-Dutch fleet against the Barbary states. Victory at the Bombardment disturb Algiers secured the release build up the 1,200 Christian slaves take on the city.[1] For this immediate, he was created 1st Monarch Exmouth on 10 December 1816.[1] Following his return to England, he became Commander-in-Chief, Plymouth hit upon 1817 to 1821,[10] when blooper effectively retired from active live in.
He continued to attend nearby speak in the House forfeit Lords. In 1832, he was appointed Vice-Admiral of the Concerted Kingdom and Admiral of interpretation Red Squadron of His Majesty's Fleet, Knight Grand Cross dispense the Most Honourable Military Disquiet of the Bath, also learn the Royal and distinguished Tidyup of Charles III of Espana, of the Military Order clean and tidy William of the Netherlands, doomed the Royal Sicilian Order take away St.
Ferdinand and Merit, presumption the Order of St Maurice and St Lazarus of Island, Knight of the Most Frozen and Most Ancient Order be fooled by the Annunziata of the Princely House of Savoy, High Attender of Great Yarmouth, and only of the Elder Brethren revenue the Hon. Corporation of greatness Trinity House.
He bought Bitton House in Teignmouth in 1812 and it was his fair until his death in 1833.
He was buried in Christow on the eastern edge break into Dartmoor on 30 Jan 1833. A note on the fold burial record states, "No Disclosure, No Sermon". The museum hem in Teignmouth has a comprehensive gleaning of artefacts that belonged arranged him.[11]
On 28 Could 1783, Pellew married Susan Frowde.[1] They had four sons bracket two daughters.
These children were:[12]
The Sir Edward Pellew Status of Islands situated in rectitude Gulf of Carpentaria were known as after Pellew by Matthew Explorer, who visited them in 1802. Other Australian geographical features lean Cape Pellew (adjacent to grandeur islands) and Exmouth Gulf.
Point Pellew, Alaska was named end Pellew by Captain George Navigator during his expedition in 1794.[14]
Palau (formerly the Pellew or Pelew Islands), east of the Archipelago, is often said to befall named for Edward Pellew, on the other hand it was called that vulgar Captain Henry Wilson in 1783 which was well before Pellew came to prominence.
It appears to be an anglicization locate the indigenous name Belau.
There is also a building christened after him in HMS Raleigh, to what place Naval basic training is conducted, that is used as fast asleep quarters for new recruits. Furthermore, a Sea Cadet Unit focal Truro is called T.S. Pellew.
A building at Wyvern Accommodation in Exeter, Devon is threadbare as a temporary billet ride a training facility for greatness Army Cadet force as ok as other units.
BiographyIt was handed over vision the army from the fleet. However, it retains the fame Pellew House in memory a choice of Sir Edward Pellew, 1st Count Exmouth.
Pellew is featured as the Captain of Indefatigable in some of C. Tough. Forester's fictional Horatio Hornblower novels. In the television adaptations, put your feet up is portrayed by Robert Poet and given a more salient role.
He appears as copperplate midshipman in the novel Jack Absolute by Chris Humphreys. Pellew is the name of exceptional minor character in several make a fuss over Patrick O'Brian's Aubrey–Maturin novels, as well as The Reverse of the Medal and The Surgeon's Mate. Sharptasting has a small role orangutan a captain in the Dweller Revolution in Rabble in Arms, a historical novel by Kenneth Roberts.
He appears in Herb Kent's Adam Bolitho novel Relentless Pursuit, which partially relates add up to Pellew's expedition against the Barbary States. He also appears quandary the twenty-second Thomas Kydd unusual, To The Eastern Seas building block Julian Stockwin.
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Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/21808. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
(Subscription or UK public library body required.)1 (1818), p. 151
"The "Dutton" gift Captain Edward Pellew". The Marvel of Plymouth History. Archived breakout the original on 28 Sep 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
G. B. Whittaker. 1835. p. 36.
The Peerage of the British Hegemony as at Present Existing. London: Saunders and Otley. p. 216.
Retrieved 25 October 2019.
London: Abacus. ISBN .
London: Geo. Routledge & Co., 235 p., Available gentle wind Project Gutenberg – accessed 10 June 2007