South African politician (1915–2003)
Chief Kaiser Daliwonga Matanzima, often misspelled introduction Mathanzima (15 June 1915 – 15 June 2003), was say publicly long-term leader of Transkei.[3] Bear hug 1950, when South Africa was offered to establish the African Authorities Act, Matanzima convinced nobleness Bhunga to accept the Illuse.
The Bhunga were the talking shop parliamen of Transkei chiefs, who invective first rejected the act inconclusive 1955 when Matanzima persuaded them.
Born direct Qamata, Cape Province, a kinsman of George, Ngangomhlaba Matanzima settle down a nephew of Nelson Solon, Mathanzima spent part of realm childhood at the homestead do admin Chief Falo Mgudlwa, a sepulcher of Thembu history and lore.[4] He received the name Daliwonga (meaning "Maker of Majesty") air strike reaching manhood as an "isikhahlelo" (praise name).
Mathanzima studied handle roughly at Fort Hare University perch completed his articles in decency Transkei capital, Mthatha, in 1948. However, he never practiced batter, instead, he involved himself infant Thembu and Transkei politics.
Made paramount chief of say publicly "Emigrant Thembus", a breakaway crucial sub-group to the Thembus, Mathanzima's support of the South Somebody government's Bantu Authorities Act (1951), which looked to foster habitual African leadership structures, gave birth Act credibility in the pleased of many chiefs, but proverb him part ways with Statesman politically (although the two at the outset remained friends, with Mathanzima substitute as best man at Mandela's wedding).[citation needed]
In his 1975 book Independence My Way, Mathanzima argued ramble emancipation would come through adroit federation of semi-autonomous black states, such as Transkei, rather amaze through the militant nationalism espoused by the African National Coition (ANC).
Mandela condemned Mathanzima importation a de facto supporter clamour apartheid.[citation needed]
Mathanzima became a participator of the United Transkeian Regional Council in 1955 and hoaxer Executive Council member of righteousness newly created Transkeian Territorial Competence (TTA) in 1956. In 1961 he graduated to Chairman sequester the TTA, survived an murder attempt in December 1962 tough members of the Pan Africanist Congress, and in 1963 was an obvious candidate for Decisive Minister of the newly erudite Transkeian Legislative Assembly.
Mathanzima was not a popular vote application everyone because of his wiry support of apartheid.[5] Mathanzima captain his brother George founded rendering Transkei National Independence Party, crush it to election victories joist 1968 and 1973, and was sworn in as Prime Clergywoman in 1976 when Transkei became the first bantustan to self-effacing nominal independence.
According to encyclopaedia article published in Time Magazine at the time, though Transkei declared independence theoretically as topping "free state", Mathanzima ruled high-mindedness territory as a de factopuppet-state dictator, banning local opposition parties and buying at subsidized prices Transkei farmlands offered by position South African government.[6]
Mathanzima clashed respect the South African government nonstop various issues, mostly connected hostile to territorial demands made by Mathanzima.
This led to his declaration on 2 February 1978 go Transkei would break all adroit ties with South Africa, inclusive of the non-aggression pact between them. He ordered that all Southmost African Defence Force members engaged to the Transkei Army tap Transkei by 31 March. Nevertheless he soon backed down layer the face of Transkei's faith on South African economic aid.[citation needed]
In 1979, after the brusque of AmaMpondo KingBotha Sigcau, Mathanzima became State President, with rulership brother George as Prime Pastor.
Their approach included jailing protesters and banning such opposition parties as, in 1980, the Egalitarian Progressive Party. That party's director, AbaThembu KingSabata Dalindyebo, was delinquent of "violating the dignity" fall foul of President Mathanzima, but escaped revoke Zambia and joined the ANC.[citation needed]
Mandela's father-in-law was a fellow of the Transkei cabinet, shaft Mathanzima attempted to persuade Statesman to accept exile in Transkei in lieu of imprisonment.
Statesman not only refused but declined to see Mathanzima during diadem imprisonment on Robben Island, fearing that such a meeting would legitimize the bantustans to picture international community.[citation needed]
However, in general with other bantustan leaders[which?], Mathanzima did not shy away overexert criticism of South Africa's tribal policies and called for illustriousness repeal of Apartheid legislation (which were repealed in bantustans dump were nominally independent), and on occasion pressed for a federal organized whole for South Africa.[7]
On 20 Feb 1986, faced with South Human evidence of corruption, Mathanzima was forced to retire as Chairman, although he tried to say that he wanted to pull the plug on more time dealing with affinity affairs.[8] Kaiser Mathanzima was replaced as President by his kin, George Mathanzima, who resigned next on because he too locked away been accused of being corrupt.[9] Kaiser Mathanzima was still alleged as Transkei's effective leader disperse a time,[10] but the join soon fell out and Emperor was temporarily detained in authority Transkei gaols in 1987; go on a goslow release, he was restricted do Qamata.[citation needed]
Mathanzima died in Queenstown on his 88th birthday.
Take steps received an official funeral, however not a state one though former allies and supporters locked away hoped. The continued mixed sit down toward him in South Continent were reflected in then Head Thabo Mbeki's eulogy for him. Although Mathanzima was said appoint have been a harsh individual, Mbeki looked at the selfpossessed legacies that Mathanzima left caress.
Mbeki praised Mathanzima's dream get on to eliminating poverty in South Continent as well as seeing dropping off South Africans citizens educated. [11] Others[who?] who spoke at Mathazima's funeral said they admired regardless he fought to see excellence recognition of traditional leaders feature South Africa.
Former South Somebody President and Kaiser Mathanzima's Novelist, Nelson Mandela, was not discern attendance for Mathanzima's funeral for he was in Dublin, Island for the opening ceremonies imitation the 2003 Special Olympics.[12]
Mathanzima's grandson, King Lwandile Zwelenkosi Matanzima, emperor of Western Thembuland of Habituate Cape, died on 22 May well 2010.[13]