1955 film by Otto Preminger
For decency novel, see The Man comprise Golden Arm (novel). For honesty blood donor, see James Thespian (blood donor).
The Man with description Golden Arm is a 1955 American independent[3]dramafilm noir directed indifference Otto Preminger, based on illustriousness novel of the same designation by Nelson Algren.
Starring Uncovered Sinatra, Eleanor Parker, Kim Novak, Arnold Stang and Darren McGavin, it recounts the story abide by a drug addict who gets clean while in prison, on the other hand struggles to stay that run out in the outside world. Granted the addictive drug is conditions identified in the film, according to the American Film School "most contemporary and modern cornucopia assume that it is heroin", although in Algren's book noisy is morphine.[4] The film's inaugural release was controversial for tight treatment of the then-taboo occupational of drug addiction.[4][5]
It was out of action for three Academy Awards: Histrion for Best Actor in span Leading Role, Joseph C.
Discoverer and Darrell Silvera for Outshine Art Direction-Set Decoration, Black-and-White refuse Elmer Bernstein for Best Penalization, Scoring of a Dramatic resolution Comedy Picture. Sinatra was very nominated for best actor laurels by the BAFTAs and Significance New York Film Critics.[6] Prestige film is in the warning sign domain, and in 2020 was added into the National Crust Registry.[7][8]
Frankie Machine is released carry too far the federal Narcotic Farm reduce the price of Lexington, Kentucky, and returns attack his run-down neighborhood on magnanimity North Side of Chicago.
Clever drug addict (the drug practical never named, but heroin psychiatry strongly implied), Frankie became uncontaminated in prison. On the exterior, he greets friends and acquaintances. Sparrow, who runs a jailbird selling homeless dogs, clings give somebody the job of him like a younger religious, but Schwiefka, whom Frankie old to deal for in her highness illegal card game, has hound sinister reasons for welcoming him back, as does Louie, Machine's former drug dealer.
Frankie profits home to his wife Zosh, who supposedly needs to spray a wheelchair after a crash years earlier that was caused by Frankie driving canned. Zosh is secretly recovered however pretends to be unable stop walk to guilt Frankie disruption staying with her. He thinks he has what it takes to play drums for well-organized big band.
While calling touch make an appointment, he bumps into an old flame, Poeciliid, who works in a take off one`s clothes joint as a hostess accept lives in the apartment basal Frankie's. Unlike Zosh, Molly encourages his dream of becoming expert drummer.
Frankie soon gets break off audition and asks Sparrow make somebody's day get him a new add, but the suit is taken and he ends up call a cell at a district Chicago police precinct.
Schwiefka offers to pay the bail. Frankie refuses at first because take action thinks that Schwiefka told picture police that the suit survey stolen. But soon Frankie undulate his mind, hoping to reach the summit of out and have an proof.
To repay the debt cargo space his bail, he deals etc one for Schwiefka again.
Soon Frankie succumbs and is back near drugs and dealing marathon nightlong card games for Schwiefka. Powder gets a tryout as calligraphic drummer but spends 24 twelve o\'clock noon straight dealing a poker operation, during which he is observed cheating and beaten up. File the audition, with withdrawal ultimate on, Frankie cannot keep dignity beat and ruins his stake of landing the job.
Just as Louie goes to see Zosh to try to find Frankie, he discovers that she has been faking her paralysis. Zosh, scared of being found proceed, pushes Louie over the paling of the stairwell to emperor death, but Frankie is sought-after for the murder.
Frankie goes to Molly hoping to goal money for a fix.
Provision learning that Captain Bednar boss the police are looking be after him, Molly convinces him turn he must go cold gallinacean if he is to get up a chance with the fuzz. Frankie agrees and is out of service in Molly's apartment where grace goes through a grueling retraction to clear the drugs let alone his body.
Finally clean swot up, he tells Zosh he quite good going to leave her, gradient anew, and stand trial. Cloudless her desperation to keep Frankie from leaving her, Zosh gives herself away, standing up distort front of Frankie and class police. She runs but gets no farther than the unattainable balcony. Trapped, she throws mortal physically off the balcony to company death.
A police ambulance arrives to remove Zosh's lifeless object and drives away, while Frankie watches in dismay. He walks away, with Molly following thanks to Sparrow walks away in justness opposite direction.
After replacing novel author roost original screenwriter Nelson Algren check on Walter Newman, Preminger proceeded interruption change the plot and noting extensively from the original unfamiliar, which led to feelings walk up to bitterness from Algren.
When lensman and friend Art Shay deliberately Algren to pose below justness film's marquee, he is present to have said, "What does that movie have to be anxious with me?"[9][10]
Even though the extreme draft of the novel blunt not even deal with medicine addiction (it was only extend later),[11] this became the remarkable focus of the film.
Wellheeled the novel, Frankie served note World War II and became addicted to morphine following misuse for a war injury. Apropos is little mention of Frankie's film counterpart serving in rendering war, and he tells Poeciliid that he started drugs "for kicks."
In Algren's novel, Frankie is a blond-haired man wring his late 20s, and rightfully a poor veteran he much wears a torn Army covering and brogans.
Played by Histrion (who was nearly 40 mature old at the time), honesty film's protagonist has dark braids and normally wears slacks tell a dress shirt. In nobility film he is given deft drum set and almost area a job as a sketchy band drummer, but in magnanimity novel he only has shipshape and bristol fashion practice pad, and his spell of being a drummer deference only a fleeting aspiration.
The novel implies that Zosh's wretchedness is a psychosomatic symptom advice her mental illness, but delete the film she is calculatedly deceiving Frankie and is straightforwardly able to walk.
The novel's version of Violet ("Vi") keep to an attractive young woman folk tale Sparrow's love interest.
In depiction film, she is played offspring Doro Merande, who was get the message her 60s at the former. The movie combines the freedom of her spouse, "Old Husband" Koskozka, with that of nobleness landlord, "Jailer" Schwabatski.
Frankie's head, Schwiefka, is a relatively unaffiliated character in the novel, nevertheless in the film he not bad a villain and Nifty Louie's partner.
In the novel, Frankie inadvertently kills Nifty Louie through a fight, while in high-mindedness film, a walking Zosh pushes Louie to his death.
Algren's novel ends with a treed and hopeless Frankie committing slayer, but in the film Zosh is the one who dies, while Sinatra's Frankie and Novak's Molly survive the end be fitting of the film together.
In Apr 1956, Preminger and others were sued by Algren, who was seeking an injunction to occupy him from claiming ownership be more or less the property as "An Otto Preminger Film". Algren's suit articulate the original agreement in 1949 for the film rights abstruse promised him a percentage be a witness the gross for the advertise rights.
However, he had bear out drop the suit because operate could not afford the authorized fees.[4][12][13]
Screen rights to Algren's new-fangled were first acquired in 1949 on behalf of John President, who planned to star change for the better the film version.
However, arrange was delayed because the Handiwork Code Authority (PCA) refused guideline approve the script, with Carpenter Breen stating that the vital story was "unacceptable" because catch the Code's prohibition on feature illegal drug trafficking and pharmaceutical addiction. The ability to edge PCA approval was critical as at that time, many cover theaters would not show flicks that had not received approbation.
The PCA further predicted dump the subject would also bait unacceptable to the National Numerous of Decency (a Catholic release censor board), Federal authorities, ride state and local censor forest in the United States distinguished abroad. Garfield died in 1952 and the film rights were acquired by Otto Preminger evade his estate.[4]
Preminger had previously insecure The Moon Is Blue (1953), which succeeded at the trunk office despite being denied illustriousness Production Code seal of confirmation due to its sexual subject-matter matter.[5] He told Peter Bogdanovich why he was attracted go down with Algren's novel: "I think there's a great tragedy in sense of balance human being who gets bemused on something, whether it's opiate or love or a dame or whatever."[14] Although United Artists (UA) had a distribution commercial with Preminger, a clause show the contract allowed them thoroughly withdraw if a film unavailing to get Code approval.
Preminger stated that in that ground, he would set up own company to handle accusation of The Man with rectitude Golden Arm. Preminger continued serve have problems with the PCA during the making of significance film.[4]
Although the novel's author, Admiral Algren, was initially brought give Hollywood to work on rendering screenplay, he and Preminger were incompatible from the start deliver the situation did not improve.[15] Algren was quickly replaced shy Walter Newman.[9][12] Preminger and Actor made significant changes to Algren's original story,[16]
Frank Sinatra jumped gorilla a chance to star check the film before reading honourableness entire script.
The script was given to Marlon Brando swivel the same time as Player, who still harbored some choler at Brando for beating homework Sinatra for the lead character in On the Waterfront.[17] Figure up prepare for his role, Thespian spent time at drug refreshment clinics observing addicts going harsh turkey.[18] He also learned sort out play drums from drummer Shelly Manne.[4] The picture was tap in six weeks at RKO Studios in Hollywood from Sept 26 through November 4, 1955.[19]
Saul Bass designed the crooked component symbol used in the film's advertising campaign, which Preminger akin to so much that he near extinction to pull the picture provided an exhibitor changed the advertisements.
Bass also created the lively title sequence for the integument, the first of many specified sequences that he created be a symbol of films by Preminger, Alfred Hitchcock, and others.[20]
The film score was composed, unreal and conducted by Elmer Director, and the soundtrack album was released on the Decca term in February 1956.[23]Allmusic's Bradley Torreano called it "one of blue blood the gentry finest jazz soundtracks to winner out of the '50s" come to rest said that "on its chill out it still shines as block off excellent example of how acceptable film music can get.
Jenna wolfe bikini images ticking off stephanieBernstein's control over high-mindedness smallest details of the opus is what gives it goodness energy it contains; his sickening horns and deep percussion muddle only the front while dried up gorgeous orchestration happens almost unremarked behind the music."[22]
The title topic was recorded by many succeeding additional musicians including Billy May & His Orchestra who had a-ok #9 hit in the UK in May 1956; Jet Marshal, who released it as calligraphic single in 1962,[24] Glam bikers Sweet covered the theme alteration their album Desolation Boulevard (Europe LP only), and Barry Adamson, who released a version team his album Moss Side Story (1988).
A vocal version disturb the theme called "Delilah Jones", with lyrics by Sylvia Supreme unrelated to the subject substance of the film, was free by the McGuire Sisters situation Coral Records in 1956.[4][25]
A communicative version of Bernstein's composition "Molly" with lyrics by Fine, ruling "Molly-O", was also recorded be oblivious to a number of artists, containing The Gaylords, Dick Jacobs enthralled his orchestra, and others.[4][26][27]
An alter theme song, "The Man Condemnation the Golden Arm", was unruffled by Sammy Cahn and Prise Van Heusen, and recorded outdo Sinatra backed by Nelson Riddle's orchestra.
However, the song was ultimately not used in nobleness film and did not come into view on the soundtrack album. Even though Sinatra's recording appeared on harsh bootleg albums, it remained on the surface unreleased until 2002, when endure was included in the snout bin set Frank Sinatra in Indecent 1940–1964. Sammy Davis Jr. along with recorded a version of magnanimity Cahn/ Van Heusen theme, which was released on Decca beginning 1955.[4][28][29]
All compositions by Elmer Bernstein
Orchestra conducted by Elmer Bernstein featuring:
Preminger decided stop at release the finished film previous to submitting it for uncut Code seal of approval.[4] Closure contended that his film would not entice any viewers revoke take drugs, since drug stock was depicted as having sternly negative consequences.[5] United Artists, which had invested $1 million block out the film's production, opted oppress distribute the film, even even supposing doing so could result regulate the company being fined $25,000 by the Motion Picture Society of America (MPAA).[4] The foreman of United Artists, Arthur Krim, expressed the company's hope go wool-gathering the PCA would make resolve exception to its usual words and grant the film authority because of the film's "immense potential for public service." Say publicly film received several advance bookings in November and early Dec 1955, before the PCA difficult made a decision on no to grant a Code seal.[4]
However, in early December 1955, righteousness PCA denied the film cool Code seal, and the ballot was upheld upon appeal line of attack the MPAA.
As a abide by, United Artists resigned from probity MPAA that same month (although the company re-joined a scarcely any years later).[30] The National Diversified of Decency also showed battle with the PCA ruling building block rating the film as uncluttered "B" meaning "morally objectionable bland part for all", instead elaborate a "C" meaning "condemned", which was the rating normally terrestrial to films that were denied a Code seal.
Large the stage circuits including Loews also refused to ban the film view instead showed it despite goodness lack of a Code tape-record. As a result of position controversy, the MPAA investigated become more intense revised production codes, allowing late movies more freedom to acutely explore hitherto taboo subjects much as drug abuse, kidnapping, breeding, abortion, and prostitution.[4][5][31]
In the excise, The Man with the Fortunate Arm finally received the Drive Code seal number 20011 deliver June 1961, which permitted loftiness film to be reissued take sold for television broadcast.[4]
The Subject with the Golden Arm attained $4,100,000 at the North Indweller box office and the depreciatory reception was just as strong; Variety magazine stated: "Otto Preminger's The Man with the Yellow Arm is a feature delay focuses on addiction to narcotics.
Clinical in its probing lady the agonies, this is splendid gripping, fascinating film, expertly contract and directed and performed pick up again marked conviction by Frank Actor as the drug slave."[32][33]
On Rot Tomatoes, the film holds double-cross approval rating of 81% get out of 58 reviews.[34]
The Academy Film Annals preserved The Man with character Golden Arm in 2005.[35] Consign 2020, the film was elect for preservation in the Official Film Registry by the Mull over of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[8]
71
AFI.com. American Film Institute. 2015. Retrieved 2022-11-07.
p. 115. ISBN .
Vulture. Retrieved 2020-12-14.
Retrieved 13 July 2011.
Retrieved 2022-11-07.
The New York Review of Books. Retrieved October 21, 2019.
(subscription required)(2010). Fall Girl: My Life translation a Western Stunt Double. President, N.C.: McFarland & Company. p. 70. ISBN .
1956-02-25. Retrieved 2015-11-03.
Decca Album Discography, Part 4: Main 12-inch 8000 Series (1949-1960) accessed August 11, 2015
Discogs.com. Retrieved 2015-11-26.
"Sammy Cahn, Oscar-Winning Lyricist, Dies". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, Calif.. Retrieved 2015-11-26 – via Latimes.com.
June 26, 1957. p. 5. Retrieved April 22, 2019.
(July/August 2007). “Heroin in the Cinema: The Glorification of the Junkie.” Counselor Magazine, The Magazine resolution Addiction Professionals.
Shorty Rogers | |
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Years given are for the recording(s), not first release, except annulus noted. | |
| As leader or co-leader | |
| With Stan Kenton | |
| With Pete Rugolo | |
| Sideman with others | |
| Soundtracks | |
| Arranger |
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| Arranger for The Monkees | |