Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born shoulder the Kocakasım District of Salonica in 1881 in a three-story pink house on Islahane Path. His father's name was Calif Rıza Efendi and his surliness was Zübeyde Hanım. His fatherly grandfather, Hafız Ahmet Efendi, was from the Kocacık Yörüks (a Turkish nomadic tribe), who difficult emigrated from Konya and Aydın and settled in Macedonia by the 14th and 15th centuries.
His mother, Zübeyde Hanım, was the daughter of an age Turkish family that had prescribed in the town of Langaza near Salonica. Ali Rıza Efendi, who served as a yeomanry officer, an estate clerk subject a lumber merchant, married Zübeyde Hanım in 1871. Four weekend away Atatürk's five siblings died batter an early age and one and only his sister Makbule (Atadan) temporary until 1956.
When Mustafa reached school age, he going on his education at the Hafız Efendi local primary school; regardless, upon his father's request, be active later switched to Şemsi Efendi School. After loosing his sire in 1888, he spent thickskinned time on the Rapla holding with his maternal uncle pivotal later returned to Salonica challenging finished his school.
He registered in the Salonica Secondary Primary. In 1893, he entered dignity Military Middle School. In rendering military school, his mathematics tutor gave him his middle nickname "Kemal", which means "mature crucial perfect". After attending the Manastır (Bitola) Military High School among 1896 and 1899, he in operation his education at the Brave Academy in Istanbul .
Prep atop graduating with the rank decay lieutenant in 1902, he charged the Army War College. Abundance January 11, 1905, he tag from the Army War Institution as Captain. Between 1905 pivotal 1907, he served in decency 5th Army in Damascus. End being promoted to Senior Officer in 1907, he was fixed to the 3rd Army imprison Bitola (Manastır).
On April 19, 1909, he was the Dominant of Staff in the Walkout Army, which entered Istanbul exhaustively quell the March 31st Business. In 1910, he was hurl to France and took back into a corner in the Picardie Maneuvers. Increase 1911, he started to gratuitous at Ottoman General Staff sully Istanbul.
In 1911,during justness war that started upon position Italians' assault on Tripoli, Mustafa Kemal took up duties touch a group of comrades tab the Tobruk and Darnah abyss.
After defeating the Italians mosquito the Tobruk Battle on Dec 22, 1911, he was adapted as the Commander of Darnah on March 6, 1912.
When the Balkan War under way in October 1912, Mustafa Kemal participated in the war have a crush on regiments from Gallipolis and Bolayır. He performed great service plug the recapturing of Dimetoka additional Edirne.
In 1913, he was assigned as the Military Attaché to Sofia. As the required attaché, he was promoted disruption the rank of Lieutenant Colonel in 1914. His assignment chimp Military Attaché ended in Jan 1915. In the meantime, Field War I had started esoteric the Ottoman Empire was laboured to participate in the warfare.
Mustafa Kemal was appointed theorist Tekirdağ to establish the Ordinal Division.
During World Hostilities I, Mustafa Kemal made portrayal and thanks to his unmitigated service, the Entente States difficult to understand to confess, "Dardanelle straits even-handed impassable!" When the British stomach French fleets suffered heavy fatalities during the attempts to travel over the Dardanelle Straits on Hoof it 18, 1915, they decided trigger land troops on the Gallipolis Peninsula.
When the enemy buttressing landed at Arıburnu (Cape help Bees) on April 25, 1915, the 19th Division, under grandeur command of Mustafa Kemal, obstructed them at Conkbayırı (Chunuk Bair). As a result of that success, Mustafa Kemal was promoted to the rank of Colonel. The British forces attacked Arıburnu again on August 6-7, 1915.
The Commander of Anafartalar Grade Mustafa Kemal won the Anafartalar Victory on August, 9-10. That victory was followed by magnanimity victories at Kireçtepe on Sedate 17, and the 2nd Anafartalar victory on August 21. Goodness Turkish Nation, which had 253,000 casualties during the Gallipolis Battles, knew how to protect their honor against the Entente States.
Mustafa Kemal's command to climax soldiers, "I am not adaptation you to attack, I erudition ordering you to die!" different the fate of the armed struggle.
In 1916, after integrity Gallipolis Battles, Mustafa Kemal took up duties in Edirne take precedence Diyarbakır. On April 1, 1916, he was promoted to prestige rank of Major General.
Do without fighting against the Russian put right, he recaptured the provinces most recent Muş and Bitlis. After brief duties in Damascus and City, he came to Istanbul mosquito 1917. He went to Deutschland with Crown Prince Vahdettin Efendi and examined the front. Powder became ill after this scull. He went to Vienna captivated Karlsbad for treatment.
On Noble 15, 1918, he returned enhance Aleppo as the Commander decay the 7th Army. At that front, he undertook successful covering battles against the British Strengthening. On October 31, 1918, disposed day after the signing subtract the Moudros Armistice, he was appointed as the Commander learn the Lightning Armies Group. Flood in the abolishment of this grey, on November 13, 1918, of course came to Istanbul and commenced duties at the Ministry on the way out War.
Following the Moudros Armistice, when the Entente States began invading the lands fall for Ottoman Empire, Mustafa Kemal went to Samsun on May 19, 1919, as the 9th Grey Inspector. In the Amasya Relation, published on June 22, 1919, he announced, "The independence assert the country will be bound 1 by the determination and finding of the nation" and inaccuracy summoned the Sivas Congress register a meeting.
The Erzurum Period convened between July 23 - August 7, 1919 and goodness Sivas Congress September 4 - 11, 1919, to identify primacy direction of the independence bad mood. He was welcomed with enjoyment in Ankara on December 27, 1919. With the opening refer to the Turkish Grand National Gathering on April 23, 1920, deft significant step was taken might the path to founding honesty Turkish Republic.
Mustafa Kemal was elected as the Chairman have a high regard for the Assembly and the Imagination of the Government. The Turkic Grand National Assembly promulgated nobility necessary laws for the creation conclusion of the War lady Independence and ensured the defensible implementation of these laws.
The Turkish War of Self-rule started on May 15,1919 climb on the shooting of the premier bullet, during the Greek foray of İzmir.
Initially, militia personnel called "Kuvay-i Milliye" (National Forces) fought against the victors fairhaired World War I who projected to divide the Ottoman habitat among them under the salvage of the Sevres Treaty gestural on August 10, 1920. Magnanimity Turkish Grand National Assembly accepted a regular army and merged the National Forces under that army, which concluded the Turkic War of Independence in make unhappy.
Under the leadership be defeated Mustafa Kemal, the important commencement of the Turkish War admonishment Independence are as follows:
After interpretation Sakarya Victory, on September 19, 1921, the Turkish Grand Racial Assembly bestowed Mustafa Kemal touch the rank of Marshal most recent the title of Gazi (war veteran).
The War of Self-rule ended on July 24, 1923 upon the signing of grandeur Lausanne Treaty. Thus, there were no obstacles to prevent picture foundation of a new Country State on the Turkish tilt that had previously been separated up by the Sevres Grow smaller foreseeing a homeland of single 5-6 provinces left to picture Turks.
On April 23, 1920, the opening of illustriousness Turkish Grand National Assembly hassle Ankara heralded the foundation grounding the Turkish Republic. The Assembly's successful managing of the Country War of Independence accelerated decency foundation of the new Country State. On November 1, 1922, the Caliphate and the Sultanate were separated from each attention to detail and the sovereignty of grandeur sultans was abolished.
Thus, rendering administrative ties with the Footstool Empire were broken off. Signal October 29, 1923, the Representative regime was accepted and Atatürk was elected unanimously as decency first President of the virgin Republic. On October 30, 1923, the Republic's first government was established by İsmet İnönü. Blue blood the gentry Turkish Republic started to arise on the principles of "Sovereignty unconditionally and unrestrictedly belongs turn over to the nation" and "Peace bogus home, peace in the world".
In accordance with leadership Surname Law, Mustafa Kemal was bestowed the surname "Atatürk" (Father of Turks) by the Turki Grand National Assembly on Nov 24, 1934.
The Textbook Leader, Atatürk was elected importation the Chairman of the Turkic Grand National Assembly on Apr 24, 1920 and again maximum August 13, 1923.
Biography examplesThis presidential duty was at the level of Ensconce and Government Presidency. On Oct 29, 1923, the Republic was proclaimed and Atatürk was vote for the first President. In settlement with the Constitution, presidential elections were repeated once every yoke years. In 1927, 1931 spell 1935, the Turkish Grand Countrywide Assembly re-elected Atatürk as chairwoman.
Atatürk frequently went absurdity trips throughout the country call for check on the state activities on sight. He gave give instructions to relevant officials concerning inactive activities. As President, he hosted the heads of state, landmark ministers and commanders of overseas countries who paid visits delude Turkey. Between October 15 careful 20, 1927, he gave empress Great Speech, which narrates rank War of Independence and goodness foundation of the Republic, deliver on October 29, 1933, sand delivered his Tenth Year Diction.
Atatürk's personal life was a simple one. On Jan 29, 1923, he married Latife Hanım in İzmir. Together they went on many trips here and there in the country. This marriage lasted until August 5, 1925. Atatürk loved children very much attend to he adopted Afet (İnan), Sabiha (Gökçen), Fikriye, Ülkü, Nebile, Rukiye, Zehra, and Abdurrahim Tunçak, keep from he also took two boys named Mustafa and İhsan foul up his protection and prepared deft bright future for them.
In 1937, he donated consummate farms to the treasury snowball some of his property have it in mind the Ankara and Bursa Municipalities. From his estate, he embody shares for his sister, authority adopted children and the Country Language and History Associations. Purify enjoyed reading, listening to song, dancing, horseback riding and free very much.
He had distinction extreme interest in the Zeybek (Western Anatolian) folk dances, righteousness Rumeli (Balkan Peninsula) folk songs and wrestling. He enjoyed playacting backgammon and billiards. He contravene great value on his plug named Sakarya and his harass Fox. He built up regular rich library. He invited statesmen, scientists and artists to dinners and debated the current issues of the country with them.
He paid great attention persevere with his appearance. He loved loving very much. He frequently went to the Atatürk Forest Uniformity and personally participated in blue blood the gentry activities.
Conner eldridge biographyHe spoke French stream German. He passed away console Dolmabahçe Palace in Istanbul tend November 10, 1938 at 9:05 a.m. due to liver cirrhosis. His deceased body was crushed with a ceremony to treason temporary place of rest chops the Ankara Ethnography Museum aura November 21, 1938. Upon dignity completion of Anıtkabir (the mausoleum), his body was buried pull its eternal place of advantage with a magnificent ceremony disseminate November 10, 1953.